Molecular Physiology and Evolution of Insect Digestive Systems [E-Book]

Chapter. 1. Patterns of insect evolution -- Chapter. 2. Overview of insect midgut function -- Chapter. 3. Types and chemistry of diets -- Chapter. 4. Ordinary digestive enzymes -- Chapter. 5. Midgut cells, microvillar membranes and secretory mechanisms -- Chapter. 6. Midgut pH buffering, nutrient absorption, fluid fluxes, and enzyme recycling -- Chapter. 7. Midgut extracellular layers and their function -- Chapter. 8. Endocrine regulation of insect digestion -- Chapter. 9. Recruitment of lysosomal cysteine and aspartic endopeptidases as digestive enzymes -- Chapter. 10. Plant, bacterial, and fungal cell wall degrading enzymes -- Chapter. 11. Mechanisms of avoiding the action of plant inhibitors on digestion -- Chapter. 12. Role of microorganisms in digestion and nutrition -- Chapter. 13. Molecular view of digestion and absorption in the major insect orders -- Chapter. 14. General trends in the evolution of digestive systems -- Chapter. 15. New technologies of insect control that act through the gut.

This book provides a unique blend of data on insect life spans, physiology, enzymology and other molecular features associated with digestion and nutrient absorption to enrich the knowledge on insects and to disclose putative molecular targets for the development of new insect control technologies and for improving insect raising procedures to be used as food and feed. With this aim, the book overviews the types of diets consumed by insects, describing their chemical components demanding digestion and discusses the evolutionary selective pressures on insects associated with feeding. Digestive enzymes are classified and detailed according to their activity on substrates and their evolutionary protein families. The technical details on how to obtain reliable enzymological parameters are discussed. The book reviews the structural changes in enzymes associated with the adaptation of insects to new diets and in avoiding natural plant inhibitors. Midgut features that enhance digestive and nutrient absorption efficiency and their underlying molecular mechanisms are described regarding insects pertaining to key points in evolution. Evolutionary trends of the mechanisms of digestion and nutrient absorption are discussed.