Hypotheses in clinical medicine [E-Book]

Includes bibliographical references and index.

HYPOTHESES IN CLINICAL MEDICINE; HYPOTHESES IN CLINICAL MEDICINE; Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data; Dedication; Contents; Preface; References; About the Editors; Chapter 1: From Hypothesis to Evidence-Based Medicine: Connecting the Dots; Abstract; Introduction; I. Evidence-Based Medicine; II. Hypothesis; III. Hypotheses of Etiology; IV. Hypotheses of Treatment; V. Summary: From Hypothesis to Evidence-Based Medicine: Connecting the Dots; Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Paradigm Shifts and Explanationin Clinical Medicine: The "How" of Reality and the "Why" of Truth.

AbstractIntroduction; Scientific Thought; The "Problem of Purpose" in Biology; The Complexity of Living Systems; Example: Anemia and Chronic Kidney Disease; Reflections on the CKD-Anemia Controversy; Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Data Management Using Computational Methods to Put the Pieces Together: Time to Move from Theory to Practice; Abstract; Hypothesis; What Are the Pieces?; What Are Computational Methods?; At the Molecular Scale; Clustering Algorithms; K-Means Clustering; Self-organizing Maps (SOMs); Artificial Neural Networks -- Multiple Scales; Complex Systems -- Multiple Scales.

Network Analysis -- Multiple ScalesScale-free Networks; Network Analysis -- Immune System; Network Analysis -- Genes and Diseases; Agent/Individual-based Modeling -The Individual Scale; What Computational Skills Do Medical Schools Require?; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 4: Could Cytomegalovirus Be Causing Widespread Outbreaks of Chronic Poor Health?; Abstract; Introduction; Upward Trend or a Series of Step-like Changes?; Financial and Operational Consequences; An Infectious Outbreak?; Cytomegalovirus; CMV Strain Diversity; Immune Competent?; The Elderly; Gender; Role of the Thymus.

Vitamin DInflammation; Chronic Disease; Under-Diagnosis in the Primary Care; Under-diagnosis in Hospital Care; Does the Incidence of CMV Fluctuate over Time?; Synergistic Infections; Re-evaluation of Published Time Series; Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 5: Crohn's Disease and the Cold Chain Hypothesis: An Update; Abstract; Introduction; Refrigeration and CD; Animal Proteins and CD; Yersinia and CD; Lymphoid Follicles and CD; NOD2 and CD; Conclusion; References; Chapter 6: Reflections on Pellagra: Lessons and Hypotheses for Diseases Ancient and Modern; Abstract; Introduction.

Aging Diseases, Evolution and NAD (H)External Energy Environments: Internal Compensatory Mechanisms; Pellagra; Clinical Features of Pellagra; Is Subclinical Pellagra Relevant to Contemporary Chronic Degenerative and Infectious Diseases?; Hypervitaminosis B3 and Choline?; Affluence; Longevity and Nutritional Balance; Development to Decline: Managing Metabolic Expectations; Metabolic Fields; Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 7: Population Genetics, Cancer Cell Growth and Cancer Evolution; Abstract; Introduction; Are Cancer Cells Separate Species?; Evolution of Cancer Cells.

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