Cardiovascular surgery [E-Book]

Online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed May 12, 2015).

General Introduction; CARDIAC SURGERY; 1 The Fundamentals of Cardiac Surgery; 1.1 Preoperative Assessment; 1.1.1 Patient History; 1.1.2 Physical Examination; 1.1.3 Investigations; 1.2 Patient Preparation; 1.2.1 Preoperative Blood Tests; 1.2.2 Assessment of Risks; 1.2.3 Skin Cleansing and Shaving; 1.2.4 Discontinuation of Medication; 1.2.5 Consent; 1.3 Intraoperative Care; 1.3.1 Induction of Anesthesia; 1.3.2 Surgical Preparation of the Patient; 1.3.3 Draping; 1.3.4 Cardiopulmonary Bypass; 1.3.5 Myocardial Protection; 1.4 Postoperative Care; 1.4.1 Respiratory Care.

1.4.2 Hemodynamic Management1.4.3 Heart Rate and Rhythm Management; 1.4.4 Postoperative Ischemia and Infarction; 1.4.5 Right Ventricular Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension; 1.4.6 Bleeding; 1.4.7 Renal Dysfunction; 1.4.8 Neurologic Events; 1.4.9 Gastrointestinal Events; 1.4.10 Infections; 2 Congenital Heart Disease; 2.1 Atrial Septal Defect; 2.1.1 Pathophysiology; 2.1.2 Epidemiology; 2.1.3 Types of Atrial Septal Defects; 2.1.4 Diagnosis; 2.1.5 Treatment; 2.1.6 Decompression Sickness; 2.1.7 Paradoxical Emboli; 2.1.8 Migraine; 2.1.9 Prognosis; 2.2 Ventricular Septal Defect.

2.2.1 Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors2.2.2 Pathophysiology; 2.2.3 Symptoms and Signs; 2.2.4 Treatment; 2.2.5 Prognosis; 2.3 Patent Ductus Arteriosus; 2.3.1 Physiology; 2.3.2 Causes, Incidence, and Symptoms; 2.3.3 Diagnosis; 2.3.4 Treatment; 2.3.5 Prognosis; 2.4 Pulmonary Valve Stenosis; 2.4.1 Evaluation; 2.4.2 Treatment; 2.5 Coarctation of the Aorta; 2.5.1 Incidence, Signs, and Symptoms; 2.5.2 Imaging and Diagnosis; 2.5.3 Treatment; 2.5.4 Prognosis; 2.6 Atrioventricular Septal Defect; 2.6.1 Pathophysiology; 2.6.2 Treatment; 2.7 Tetralogy of Fallot; 2.7.1 Causes, Incidence, and Symptoms.

2.7.2 Palliative Surgery2.7.3 Total Surgical Repair; 2.7.4 Prognosis; 2.8 Transposition of the Great Vessels; 2.8.1 Dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries; 2.8.2 Levo-Transposition of the Great Arteries; 2.8.3 Causes, Incidence, and Symptoms; 2.8.4 Treatment; 2.8.5 Prognosis; 2.9 Tricuspid Atresia; 2.9.1 Treatment; 2.9.2 Prognosis; 2.10 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return; 2.10.1 Variations; 2.10.2 Pathophysiology; 2.10.3 Treatment; 2.11 Truncus Arteriosus; 2.11.1 Treatment; 2.12 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome; 2.12.1 Symptoms; 2.12.2 Treatment; 2.12.3 Prognosis.

2.13 Pulmonary Atresia2.13.1 Treatment; 2.13.2 Prognosis; 2.14 Ebstein's Anomaly; 2.14.1 Symptoms; 2.14.2 Treatment; 2.14.3 Prognosis; 2.15 Vascular Rings ; 2.15.1 Incidence and Causes; 2.15.2 Symptoms; 2.15.3 Treatment; 3 Valvular Heart Disease; 3.1 Aortic Valve Disease; 3.1.1 Anatomy; 3.1.2 Aortic Stenosis ; 3.1.3 Aortic Regurgitation ; 3.1.4 Prosthesis Selection; 3.1.5 Technique of Operation ; 3.1.6 Operative Mortality ; 3.1.7 Long-Term Survival ; 3.1.8 Valve-Related Complications ; 3.2 Mitral Valve Disease; 3.2.1 Anatomy; 3.2.2 Mitral Stenosis; 3.2.3 Mitral Regurgitation.

The history of surgical approaches to many diseases spans several centuries. However, the last century, and particularly its second half, witnessed an establishment of specialized surgical fields, such as urology surgery, neurosurgery and thoracic surgery, as a result of the rapidly growing knowledge of physiology, pathophysiology, blood transfusion, infection control as well as thanks to excellent new diagnostic methods and technological discoveries. After the Second World War, successful cardiac surgeries were carried out and later, in the 1960s, these were followed by vascular surgeries. Th.

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