Neurovascular Sonography [E-Book]

Principles of Transcranial Doppler Sonography -- Overview of Pertinent Cerebral Vascular Anatomy -- Cerebral Waveforms for Hemodynamic assessment -- Monitoring in Neurocritical Care - Overview -- Transcranial Doppler in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage -- Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome (RCVS) and Vasculitis -- MONITORING FOR EMBOLI DETECTION (without and with MICROBUBBLES) -- EVALUATION OF CEREBRAL CIRCULATORY ARREST -- Intracranial Stenosis -- Therapeutic TCD for patients with acute cerebral ischemia -- Clinical Application of Cerebrovascular Physiology -- Adult Traumatic Brain Injury -- Traumatic Brain Injury - Pediatric -- Cerebrovascular Reactivity Assessments in Traumatic Brain Injury -- Transcranial Doppler Protocols and Procedures: Vasomotor Reactivity -- Continuous Cerebral Autoregulation Monitoring using TCD -- Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter for Increased Intracranial Pressure -- Cranial Ultrasound -- Applications of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography in Sickle Cell Disease, Stroke, and Critical Illness in Children -- Point of care Transcranial Doppler -- CEREBROVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY IN THE SETTING OF TEMPORARY AND DURABLE MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT -- Electroencephalography versus Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography; Indications and Applications for Intracranial Monitoring -- Moyamoya Disease -- Vertebral Steal -- Transcranial Doppler in Acute Bacterial Meningitis -- TCD equipment, Lab Accreditation, Reimbursement, and Practice Issues -- Use of Transcranial Doppler in the Outpatient Ultrasound Lab -- Protocol for Non- Imaging Transcranial Doppler -- Transcranial Color Doppler Imaging for Adults -- Protocol for Monitoring for Emboli Detection (and with Microbubbles) -- How to obtain measurements of the optic nerve sheath diameter in adults and children utilizing point-of-care ophthalmic ultrasonography -- Protocol for Extracranial Carotid Exam.

This book provides a comprehensive and concise, review of the fundamental concepts and clinical indications for Transcranial Doppler (TCD) imaging. An overview of the physics of ultrasonography as it pertains to TCD is presented, as well as neuroanatomy and cerebrovascular physiology in healthy and diseased states. Recommended protocols for neuroimaging are reviewed and serves as a guide for existing neurovascular laboratories and medical systems seeking to develop laboratories that are in need of a guide to establish their own protocols. The most common, relevant and challenging clinical conditions where TCD is incorporated to assist with patient management are discussed. In addition, chapters provide a framework for building a neurovascular laboratory, including necessary equipment, steps to obtain national accreditation by accrediting bodies, and reimbursement procedures for tests performed. The book concludes with "clinical pearls" and "tricks of the trade", which serve as a commentary to guide physicians and neurosonologists on best-practices for TCD acquisition and interpretation.