| 000 | 04378cam a2200265 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | NMDX6598 | ||
| 008 | 120401t2010 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d | ||
| 022 | _a09320067 | ||
| 100 | _aYoong, W. | ||
| 240 | _aArchives of Gynecology & Obstetrics | ||
| 245 | _aObserver accuracy and reproducibility of visual estimation of blood loss in obstetrics: how accurate and consistent are health-care professionals? | ||
| 260 | _c2010 | ||
| 500 | _aNMUH Staff Publications | ||
| 500 | _a281 | ||
| 520 | _a<h4 style="margin: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; float: left; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; line-height: 17.999801635742188px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">OBJECTIVES:</span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; line-height: 17.999801635742188px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">To evaluate the&nbsp;<span class="highlight">observer</span>&nbsp;<span class="highlight">accuracy</span>&nbsp;and intra-<span class="highlight">observer</span>&nbsp;test-retest reliability of&nbsp;<span class="highlight">visual</span>&nbsp;<span class="highlight">estimation</span>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<span class="highlight">blood loss</span>by midwives and obstetricians.</span></p><h4 style="margin: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; float: left; line-height: 17.999801635742188px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">METHODS:</span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; line-height: 17.999801635742188px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">This was a prospective, single-blinded observational study conducted at a London teaching hospital. The<span class="highlight">accuracy</span>&nbsp;of visually estimating five maternity pads that had been soaked with 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 ml of&nbsp;<span class="highlight">blood</span>&nbsp;was assessed. The&nbsp;<span class="highlight">reproducibility</span>&nbsp;in estimating the same volume (two sets of pads soaked with 50, 100, 150 and 200 ml of<span class="highlight">blood</span>&nbsp;randomly placed at separate stations) was evaluated by asking participants to visually estimate these volumes.</span></p><h4 style="margin: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; float: left; line-height: 17.999801635742188px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">RESULTS:</span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; line-height: 17.999801635742188px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Although there is a tendency to overestimate, the mean percentage difference (estimated-actual volumes) was not significantly different among consultants, trainees and midwives.&nbsp;<span class="highlight">Visual</span>&nbsp;estimations were especially inaccurate with smaller volumes, which could be overestimated by up to 540%. Test-retest reliability was poor for the larger volumes but statistically acceptable for the smaller volumes, although the difference between the two estimates of the same volume could be as much as 300%.</span></p><h4 style="margin: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; float: left; line-height: 17.999801635742188px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">CONCLUSIONS:</span></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; line-height: 17.999801635742188px;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="highlight">Visual</span>&nbsp;estimations were inaccurate by health-care professionals who have a tendency to overestimate. Experience did not appear to have a confounding effect on&nbsp;<span class="highlight">accuracy</span>. Further training in&nbsp;<span class="highlight">visual</span>&nbsp;assessment skills is necessary in order to improve the clinicians'&nbsp;<span class="highlight">estimation</span>.</span></p> | ||
| 700 | _aKaravolos, S | ||
| 700 | _aDamodaram, M | ||
| 700 | _aMadgwick, K | ||
| 700 | _aMilestone, N | ||
| 700 | _aAl-Habib, A | ||
| 700 | _aFakokunde, A. | ||
| 700 | _aOkolo, S | ||
| 856 | _uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19434419 | ||
| 856 | _uhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00404-009-1099-8 | ||
| 999 |
_c75763 _d75763 |
||